Q: I’m confused about the sun. We are told not to sunbathe because it causes skin cancer, then to sunbathe because the extra vitamin D protects us against heart attacks and internal cancers. We are off to Australia for a month. What should we do?

A: Sunbathing is fine as long as you don’t BURN (tanning is a form of burning in fair-skinned people). Your skin cancer risk rises with each episode of burning or tanning. On the other hand, we make vitamin D from the reaction of sunlight on the skin, and lower-than-average vitamin D blood levels puts us at higher risk of heart attacks than if they were normal. Taking vitamin D improves your survival if you have cancer of the prostate, breast or colon, but paradoxically, there are more of these cancers per head of population in countries at low latitudes, in which you would have expected much more exposure to the sun. We Brits get most of our vitamin D from food – fish, other oily and fatty foods, including supplemented dairy products – so sunbathing isn’t our only source of it. The message is to enjoy the Aussie sun sensibly, not just for the vitamin D but also for the sheer pleasure of its warmth. But put on a floppy hat, a T-shirt, lashings of sunblock, and keep in the shade in the middle of the day.

Q: I've been recently diagnosed as a Type 2 diabetic. I'm exercising more, eating wisely, and have stopped smoking, but how can I get rid of my sweet tooth? I have a very difficult time passing a sweet shop.

A: Stop eating sugary foods, including sugar in tea and coffee. Absolutely DON'T drink 'diet' drinks with sweeteners in them, because they will keep your craving for sweet things going. Don’t take sweeteners in your tea or coffee, for the same reason. Instead, start to enjoy savoury foods. Indulge in fresh fruit because the sugar in fruit takes longer to digest than refined sugars, and that's important in lessening your need to produce insulin. After about a month you will realise that you are tasting food better, and you don't really need sweetness. When someone puts sugar in your coffee you could well be revolted by it. Hard to believe? Millions of people in your position have managed the transition successfully.